Real Climate

JULY 10, 2022

Step 1: There is a natural greenhouse effect. This means that there is an upward surface flux of IR around (~398 W/m 2 ), while the outward flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is roughly equivalent to the net solar radiation absorbed (~240 W/m 2 ). Step 2: Trace gases contribute to the natural greenhouse effect.

Radiation 352

Radiation 2022 Greenhouse Atmosphere 352

Real Climate

SEPTEMBER 19, 2021

So this is an attempt to put all of that in context and provide a hopefully comprehensive guide to how, when, and why to properly compare the two greenhouse gases. You might recall that GWP is defined as the ratio on per-kg basis of the temperature impact of other greenhouse gases compared to CO 2 over a specific time period.

Carbon Dioxide 360

Carbon Dioxide Radiation Atmosphere Greenhouse 360

Real Climate

MAY 21, 2023

The dominant factors are changes in CO2 (a cooling), ozone depletion (a cooling), warming from big volcanoes, and oscillations related to the solar cycle. That means the greenhouse substances are basically just CO2 and ozone, and they absorb in quite different parts of the spectrum. The basic concept is easy to grasp though.

Cooling 282

Cooling Ozone Atmosphere Radiation 282

Real Climate

NOVEMBER 18, 2023

Also missing is any realization that clouds also contribute to the greenhouse effect (roughly 25% of the total) and so whether cloud changes warm or cool depends very much on where the clouds are (high clouds have a very different effect than low clouds for instance).

Radiation 68

Radiation 2003 2020 Climate Change 68

Union of Concerned Scientists

NOVEMBER 28, 2023

For example, EPA rules limiting ozone pollution or carbon from power plants move the first lever, while the combined $1.25 Administered by the Office of Air and Radiation, this program is $4.6 billion funding from the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law are clear examples of the latter.

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Government 2023 Ozone 2026 313

Ocean Conservancy

SEPTEMBER 8, 2023

Some in the industry see the warming as an opportunity, as passages through the Arctic open for longer periods, even going so far as to claim there will be lower overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the shorter voyages.

Ocean 101

Ocean Sea Level Fossil Fuels Carbon Dioxide 101

Vermont Law

JANUARY 18, 2016

the UHIE occurs in metropolitan areas and “can affect communities by increasing summertime peak energy demand, air conditioning costs, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related illness, mortality, and water quality.”. for example, allows both open-air and greenhouse rooftop farming. gency (EPA). , flood-prone regions.

Climate Change 40

Climate Change Ground-Level Ozone Law 2003 40