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A new study reaffirming that global climate change is human-made also found the upper atmosphere is cooling dramatically because of rising CO2 levels. Scientists are worried about the effect this cooling could have on orbiting satellites, the ozone layer, and Earth’s weather. Read more on E360 →
As predicted in 1967 by Manabe and Wetherald , the stratosphere has been cooling. The dominant factors are changes in CO2 (a cooling), ozone depletion (a cooling), warming from big volcanoes, and oscillations related to the solar cycle. But why is the stratosphere increasingly chill? The basic concept is easy to grasp though.
In that year, El Nio added to the increased warming caused by the build-up of heat-trapping emissions in the atmosphere, leading to that record-breaking heat. Humans have a direct effect on albedo through emitting industrial aerosols such as sulfates, which accumulate in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels.
An AMOC weakening by 15 % thus cools the region at a rate of 0.15 x 10 14 W and according to model simulations can fully explain the observed cooling trend (2). So in comparison, the cooling effect of a 15 % AMOC slowdown is over 1,000 times larger than the direct cooling effect of the Greenland meltwater.
A "negative greenhouse effect" means rising concentrations of CO2 and methane have slightly cooled parts of Antarctica’s upper atmosphere, but that could change as the air becomes more humid
Researchers in Finland have observed a plant-induced cooling effect in the atmosphere, which strengthens as temperatures increase. Their results could provide important guidance for climate models that include the influence of aerosols in the atmosphere. Organic aerosols are tiny particles that include dust, ash, and pollen.
and the never-ending insistence of some solar enthusiasts that a dramatic cooling is right around the corner, these are not serious issues. The size of this cooling varies in the records, most of all in the satellite-derived AIRS v7 data, where the cooling is quite pronounced, and not at all in the ERA5 reanalysis. Lenssen, G.A.
Tiny particles of plastic in the atmosphere can affect Earth’s climate, according to Laura Revell at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand and colleagues. Yet even as airborne microplastics become an ever-larger part of the mix of atmospheric aerosols, their radiative influence is still virtually unknown. Altitude matters.
A new study reaffirming that global climate change is human-made also found the upper atmosphere is cooling dramatically because of rising CO2 levels. Scientists are worried about the effect this cooling could have on orbiting satellites, the ozone layer, and Earth’s weather. Read the full story from e360.
First, the cooling from the reflective materials they will inject, for which they are already selling carbon credits, charging $10 per gram of SO 2 released (!) Pinatubo, widely used as an analogy for SAI, put about 15M tons of sulfur aerosols in the stratosphere and cooled the Earth a little less than 1°C over the following year.
Another clue indicating a shortcoming is if you look at the atmospheric CO 2 -concentrations over time to see how much impact the IPCC reports have had on the real policy-makers in the world (Figure below). The cause of our changing climate is the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations that we have released into the air.
A "negative greenhouse effect" means rising concentrations of CO2 and methane have slightly cooled parts of Antarctica’s upper atmosphere, but that could change as the air becomes more humid
Seidel, "Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite-inferred tropospheric temperature trends", Nature , vol. Shindell, "Understanding Model‐Observation Discrepancies in Satellite Retrievals of Atmospheric Temperature Using GISS ModelE", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , vol. Johanson, S.G. Warren, and D.J.
The fact that there is a natural greenhouse effect (that the atmosphere restricts the passage of infra-red (IR) radiation from the Earth’s surface to space) is easily deducible from; i) the mean temperature of the surface (around 15ºC) and, ii) knowing that the planet is normally close to radiative equilibrium. in IPCC TAR).
These interactions were thought to lead to alternating decades-long intervals of warming and cooling centered in the extra-tropical North Atlantic that play out on 40-60 year timescales (hence the name). Background. any oscillation that was produced has to be internally generated.
The paper results from a major computational effort, based on running a state-of-the-art climate model (the CESM model with horizontal resolution 1° for the ocean/sea ice and 2° for the atmosphere/land component) for 4,400 model years.
I had reason to be reviewing the history of MSU satellite retrievals for atmospheric temperatures recently. Remember ‘satellite cooling’?]. This was before Wentz and Schabel (1998) pointed out that orbital decay in the NOAA satellites was imparting a strong cooling bias (about 0.12
There are about two million cooling towers across the US. Noya plans to use existing towers to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Read the full story at Who What Why. Read more →
The climate benefits of trees storing carbon dioxide is partially offset by dark forests’ absorption of more heat from the sun, and compounds they release that slow the destruction of methane in the atmosphere, the research shows.
The difference is due largely to the differences in the regional atmospheric response that occurs in concert with the SST warming. In particular, they don’t just respond to SST changes, but also how the atmosphere changes as the SSTs change. The key to understanding this lies in understanding what tropical storms respond to.
The primary cause of accelerating sea level rise is human activity As people burn fossil fuels and emit heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, our atmosphere and our oceans warm up. Cool, right?) As the ocean warms, it expands. Historically, this was the dominant cause of sea level rise.
The mix of warming and cooling effects and different timescales for each, makes calculating the impact hard. a net cooling!). Zhou, "Atmosphere teleconnections from abatement of China aerosol emissions exacerbate Northeast Pacific warm blob events", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. Xiang, and L.
The surface of Venus may have remained extremely hot since its formation, meaning that water in the atmosphere never had a chance to fall to the surface
To give the Commission credit where due — and it is due in many places — on one point closely related to these projections, they were uncommonly and admirably frank: Noting the risks and the stark tradeoffs posed by aerosol pollution in the lower atmosphere. Current and coming advances in carbon-free technology will help, of course.
Solar geoengineering offers a way of mitigating the effects of global warming by reflecting incoming sunlight back into space – thereby cooling the Earth. One way of doing this is to inject aerosols into the atmosphere. To maintain a 1 °C cooling effect, this would cost about $43bn per year to operate. Longer lasting.
The increase regional VPD is mostly attributed to human-cause climate change (68%) and the rest (32%) is attributed to variations in the atmospheric circulation. High atmospheric “thirst” over multiple seasons or years can lead to drought conditions as vegetation dries out, and water flow in streams and rivers decreases.
Grazing livestock to mimic how wildlife forages can prevent the erosion of topsoil, protect water quality and keep carbon out of the atmosphere, but it requires big changes in how the beef industry operates. The shallow creek will likely run dry in the next month, so neither Jolene nor Enzo had hesitated to splash around in the cool water.
This could be achieved in some regions using atmospheric water harvesters (AWHs), which draw clean liquid water out of humid air. In such a device, heat from sunlight drives warm, humid air through a heat exchanger where it cools and releases water via condensation.
This, astronomers believe, allowed the cloud to cool and condense into dust that blocked some of Betelgeuse’s light. The satellite revealed that the star itself cooled by 140 °C. The Himawari-8 observations also suggest that something was happening to the atmospheric structure of Betelgeuse 10 months before the dimming.
If the sun was driving the warming, we’d see it in the stratospheric temperatures (which are cooling in line with expectations from the impact of CO2, not warming due to the supposed increase in solar activity). But we have mega-oodles (the SI unit) of additional data that tell us this conclusion cannot be correct. 27489-27492, 2000.
Responsible for 12 percent of all US global warming emissions from human activities, methane traps significantly more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide, making it 86 times more harmful for the first 20 years after it is released into the atmosphere.
Does the climate keep warming, stay the same, or even cool? First, after carbon dioxide emissions cease, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels begin to decrease, as they are absorbed by natural processes and sinks in the oceans and on land. But what happens when we achieve the goal of zero carbon dioxide emissions from human actions?
Atmospheric warming, however, will almost certainly affect the waters quality. The report identifies several streams in the basin that, despite warming air temperatures, are expected to remain cool enough for salmon to thrive or rest within during days of extreme heat. By far the biggest concern is rising temperatures, Leaf says.
Heightened flood risk The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said in a recent outlook that about 44 percent of the United States is at risk of floods this spring, equating to about 146 million people. This includes most of the eastern half of the country, the federal agency said.
Also missing is any realization that clouds also contribute to the greenhouse effect (roughly 25% of the total) and so whether cloud changes warm or cool depends very much on where the clouds are (high clouds have a very different effect than low clouds for instance). Senan, J.M. Lyman, G.C. Johnson, and M. Schmidt, T. Andrews, S.E.
Meanwhile, note that the factors listed above involve the whole Earth system: the oceans, the cryosphere, the atmosphere, the solid earth and lithosphere, and a full range of scales, from the city block and shoreline, to ice dynamics that change over kilometers, to GRD footprints, to the whole global ocean. 2020) or Sadai et al.
The discovery by Ladislav Skrbek at Charles University and colleagues could help climate scientists to better understand the flow of heat through Earth’s atmosphere, and may also lead to better designs of heat exchangers. Efficiency booster. They examined different oscillation frequencies in the range 0.006–0.2
The dramatic dimming of the red supergiant star Betelgeuse in 2019–20 was caused by a cold spot on the surface of the star causing a nearby gas cloud to cool and condense into obscuring dust, according to new findings. They found that whatever instigated the dimming did indeed manifest as a cold patch in the star’s atmosphere.
Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are responsible for weather forecasts and severe storm warnings, information we likely take for granted.
Specifically, we found that photovoltaics can significantly warm the urban environment during the day, but typically cool the urban environment at night. Other studies, particularly modelling studies, had previously suggested a daytime cooling effect of photovoltaics. What research did you include in your study?
If people everywhere stopped burning fossil fuels tomorrow, stored heat would still continue to warm the atmosphere. The radiators are, in fact, cooling down, but their stored heat is still warming the air in the room. Historically, the first climate models represented only the atmosphere and were greatly simplified.
As the Arctic is 30 degrees Celsius (50 F) warmer than what it should be right now, finding local solutions to cool down the poles suddenly doesn’t seem this far-fetched anymore. . High CO2 levels would continue to trap heat in the atmosphere, but with less energy coming in, temperatures on the surface would go down.
Someone’s bound to hack the atmosphere to cool the planet. Read the full story in Wired. So we urgently need more research on the consequences, says climate scientist Kate Ricke. Read more →
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