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Guest commentary by Robert Hart, Kerry Emanuel , & Lance Bosart The National Weather Service (NWS) and its parent agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), delivers remarkable value to the taxpayers. This efficiency can be demonstrated by its enormous return on investment.
Both hurricanes were exacerbated by warmer ocean surface temperatures, and are examples of “what hurricanes will look more like in the future,” according to Dr. Marc Alessi, an atmospheric scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists. We need to stop burning fossil fuels immediately. million.
2019 ) gives a good overview of Manabe’s particular philosophy of climate modeling which was very much focused on getting things to work, and not worrying too much about the details. The basic issue stems from the different timescales of the ocean and atmosphere. Manabe’s Climate Modeling. That paper ( Manabe et al.,
Another clue indicating a shortcoming is if you look at the atmospheric CO 2 -concentrations over time to see how much impact the IPCC reports have had on the real policy-makers in the world (Figure below). The cause of our changing climate is the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations that we have released into the air.
But when there are really heavy rain events, like atmospheric rivers , these systems often overflow untreated wastewater (raw sewage) mixed with stormwater into surrounding waterways, streets, sidewalks, businesses and even homes.
California has done well in terms of total emission reductions – about a 10% reduction from 2009 to 2019. Electric power related emissions went down about 40% from 2009 to 2019. Total direct transportation emissions in 2019 were about the same as those a decade earlier. What’s the Overall Verdict?
The fact that there is a natural greenhouse effect (that the atmosphere restricts the passage of infra-red (IR) radiation from the Earth’s surface to space) is easily deducible from; i) the mean temperature of the surface (around 15ºC) and, ii) knowing that the planet is normally close to radiative equilibrium. in IPCC TAR).
One study found that human-caused climate change made the 2019 European heatwave as much as 100 times more likely to occur. Scientists have long known that burning fossil fuels is the primary cause of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, but now they can identify the specific sources.
The summer of 2019 began with its usual verve, and as May turned to June turned to July, the height of the busy season, the sleepy town was still dreaming. But between June and August of 2019, fewer than three inches of rain had fallen , roughly half a foot behind seasonal averages. Fishing charters fill. Bellies, too.
1 Average number of named storms by day of the year in the historical record from 1851–2019 (dark blue line). The difference is due largely to the differences in the regional atmospheric response that occurs in concert with the SST warming. The days of formation for the 2020 named storms are shown by the red squares. Zhang et al.
Image from Hessburg et al 2019. Climate change has also contributed to an increase in atmospheric drying power at night, which can further burden limited fire-fighting resources. Images of the same landscape taken 79 years apart showing forest in-fill.
The atmosphere for climate litigation in our Supreme Court is decidedly chilly. Specifically, the court ordered Shell to cut emissions due to its products and operations 45% from 2019 levels by 2030. Some of its peers in other countries have taken a much different approach. Here, I want to briefly summarize some key rulings.
The “for one year” part is crucial: stratospheric aerosols stay in the atmosphere roughly a year, so one gram offsets the heating effect of one ton only for the first year after the ton is emitted. After that, the sulfur is gone but the CO 2 is still there and heating.)
Fig 13, from Lenssen et al (2019). Zyss, "Improvements in the GISTEMP Uncertainty Model", Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , vol. 6307-6326, 2019. Uncertainties arise in the raw data directly, in any homogenizations that are performed, in the data interpolation, in corrections for non-climatic effects etc.
It not only traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming, but the warmer temperature resulting from global warming leads to an increase in ground-level ozone, since ozone is produced indirectly from precursors like NOx and VOCs in the presence of sunlight. which is formed in the atmosphere from precursor gases such as NOx.
Heightened flood risk The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said in a recent outlook that about 44 percent of the United States is at risk of floods this spring, equating to about 146 million people. This includes most of the eastern half of the country, the federal agency said.
Workers in facilities that produce and use EtO as well as people living near facilities that release it into the atmosphere are at risk of unsafe exposures even when the facilities are using the best available technologies to handle and contain it. Have I been exposed to ethylene oxide?
Meanwhile, note that the factors listed above involve the whole Earth system: the oceans, the cryosphere, the atmosphere, the solid earth and lithosphere, and a full range of scales, from the city block and shoreline, to ice dynamics that change over kilometers, to GRD footprints, to the whole global ocean. 132-137, 2019. Ommen, M.V.
are used all over the world, based on calculations that quantify the effects of physical mechanisms and the way different parts of the atmosphere are connected to each other. The physics-based models describe how energy flows through the atmosphere and ocean, as well as how the forces from different air masses push against each other.
Orphaned and Abandoned wells present serious risks to the environment and public health by polluting groundwater and leaking methane into the atmosphere. This well site is an example of those impacts – where residents can’t drink their water because of this orphaned well,” said Acting DEP Secretary Jessica Shirley. Read more here.
The primary cause of accelerating sea level rise is human activity As people burn fossil fuels and emit heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide, our atmosphere and our oceans warm up. A 2019 UCS analysis, Underwater , found that Charleston can expect roughly 500 homes to flood on a chronic basis by 2035. As the ocean warms, it expands.
I suspect that, if one asked the average American whether GHG emissions increased or decreased from 2010 to 2019, they would say that emissions decreased. GHG emissions in 2019 were 12% higher in 2019 than 2010. We’re almost certainly going to have to spend money pulling carbon from the atmosphere.
” A growing body of scientific research shows that even if society were to halt emissions overnight, a certain amount of atmospheric warming—and accompanying environmental risks— would still occur. Environment Program (UNEP), wrote in the report’s foreword. And we need it now.”
An atmospheric river will bring heavy rainstorms across Australia this week. In 2019, 212 environmental activists were killed, according to data from the advocacy organization Global Witness. Atmospheric rivers are like rivers in the sky that transport mass amounts of water, bringing heavy rain and wind gusts. ON THE RADAR.
Dr. Susan Avery, a physicist and atmospheric scientist, is the former director of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts. You can read their insights from their experiences—including being denied the opportunity to take the floor—and their efforts to engage with Dr. Avery in 2017 , 2018 , and 2019.
Some high-energy neutrinos detected in the Antarctic ice and thought to have come from outside the solar system may have been produced in Earth’s atmosphere. They are distinct from the generally lower-energy neutrinos produced when cosmic rays interact with nuclei in the atmosphere to generate particle showers.
A relentless interval of hot, dry weather, made worse by heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, has turned this section of the state into a cauldron of flame, dust, and smoke. Farm sales in Glenn County, for instance, generated $855 million in 2019. Maybe there’s another way.
Laut, "Solar activity and terrestrial climate: an analysis of some purported correlations", Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics , vol. Thomson, "Dependence of global temperatures on atmospheric CO 2 and solar irradiance", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 2569, 2019. 27489-27492, 2000.
Five amateur astronomers from South America and Europe have captured a burst of light on Jupiter that was the result of an asteroid crashing into the planet’s atmosphere. If we see larger bodies impacting, this provides an excellent opportunity to study the atmospheric response to the energy and chemistry of these impactors.”.
In Australia , many of the same areas that endured brutal bushfires in 2019 and 2020 are now drowning in record-setting rainfall. Australia smoldered during the epic “Black Summer” bush fires of 2019 and 2020. Traffic from fishing, cargo, and military ships has increased by 58% between 2016 and 2019.
A negative CI score would suggest an almost magical climate solution that pulls several carbon dioxide molecules from the atmosphere for each one that comes from the tailpipe of a truck running on dairy biomethane. Unfortunately, this is far from the truth. A 2020 report from the US Department of Agriculture on Consolidation in U.S.
Although the existence of such planets has not been confirmed, the team argue that modelling their hypothetical mineralogy, interior structure and atmosphere could guide future observations by shaping our understanding of what is possible. Alpha Centauri is a multiple-star system just 4.3 Carbon world. Real-life planetary laboratories.
OK, on to methane in the environment: The headline here – whether you’re talking about atmospheric concentrations, climate impacts, or emissions – is that there is a lot less methane than CO 2 , but it’s a more potent climate heater and it’s increasing faster. Atmospheric concentrations. Climate impact. W/m 2 from elevated CO 2.
Further, while gas emits less carbon dioxide than coal, its main component is methane, an extremely potent greenhouse gas that is released into the atmosphere when gas is burned—a fact that ConocoPhillips conveniently left out on its website.
Deforestation fires in Brazil and Indonesia accounted for 3% and 7%, respectively, of the planet’s total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in 2019 and 2020, finds a new study in Frontiers in Climate. In Brazil, a total of 11,088 km 2 of forest were destroyed from August 2019 to July 2020. Read original article ?
On January 5, the Department of Environmental Protection reported their inspections found 4,386 violations of environmental regulations at conventional oil and gas operations during 2021 -- nearly two and a half times the violations reported just two years ago in 2019 and 337 more than in 2020. Read more here.]
Climate models predict with near unanimity that more atmospheric warming will increase annual rainfall in Michigan and Ohio: a trend that is already making algae blooms worse. Climate change promises to raise all of these costs. If severe blooms repeat year after year, the price tag rises to $1 billion over a decade. .
A weather satellite has helped explain why the red supergiant star Betelgeuse experienced an unprecedented dimming in 2019–20. As a variable star, nearby Betelgeuse normally fluctuates in brightness, but in October 2019 it began to grow fainter than it had ever been seen before. The method they use is very original.”.
A separate UCS analysis back in 2019 also captured the inequitable burdens of pollution from road vehicles. According to the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in 2023 alone there have been 25 confirmed climate disaster events affecting the United States with costs exceeding $1 billion each. for communities of color.
In the basic physics of climate change, a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, resulting in heavier downpours, a core ingredient of these events. Research carried out by Climate Central found that climate change increased the intensity of most Atlantic Hurricanes between 2019 and 2023.
“If I look at the next 50 years, next hundred years maybe, nobody will be able to set up a telescope that’s powerful enough to resolve surface features,” says Jonathan Jiang , an atmospheric scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, who uses Earth as a laboratory to model exoplanets.
We know that over 135 years, 88 fossil fuel producers contributed approximately: 61% of the observed rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide 52% of the rise in global average temperature 34% of global sea level rise 55% of the increase in ocean acidification Fisheries, including lobsters, are responding to the warming by moving elsewhere.
During 2020, I started hearing aerosol particles mentioned outside of the atmospheric science field. News sources in late 2019 began reporting the invisible threat of COVID-19 with limited ideas of how it was spreading. Headlines would pose the question – “could it be transmitted through the air conditioning?
This makes water vapor rise into the atmosphere, which often generates ‘dry’ thunderstorms, whose rainfall can evaporate before reaching the ground due to extreme heat. Atmospheric Instability. As atmospheric instability increases, stronger gusts of wind in changing directions can occur more frequently. Information is Power.
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