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Why Were 2023 and 2024 So Hot?

Union of Concerned Scientists

The year 2023 was by far the warmest in Earths recorded history, and perhaps in the past 100,000 years , shattering the previous record set in 2016 by 0.27C (0.49F). Albedo is the total reflection of incoming solar radiation by Earth. But why were 2023 and 2024 so warm? What is albedo?

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The definitive CO2/CH4 comparison post

Real Climate

The radiative forcing from these changes in concentrations can be easily calculated using standard formulas (from Etminan et al, 2016 which supersede the slightly simpler ones from IPCC TAR), as about 2 W/m 2 for the CO 2 change and 0.65 W/m 2 for CH 4. W/m<sup>2</sup> (to about 60% of the CO 2 effect since 1750). References.

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DEP: PA Fracking Operations Sent Nearly 236,000 Cubic Feet Of Radioactive TENORM Waste To Low-Level Radioactive Waste Facilities For Disposal In 2021 - 811,070 since 2016

PA Environment Daily

Rich Janati, DEP Bureau of Radiation Protection, explained, “TENORM is mainly from fracking operations, a lot of it in Pennsylvania. The Appalachian LLRW Compact includes Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia. It contains radium with a 1,600 year half-life.” Read more here. Read more here.

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April 5 Webinar Features Panel Discussion On Radioactivity And Oil & Gas Development, University Of Pittsburgh Radiation Oncologist

PA Environment Daily

Marsha Haley: University of Pittsburgh radiation oncologist – Speaking about health risks associated with oil and gas industry’s radioactive emissions, the various radioactive elements involved, and the research she is currently involved with on the topic. Haley, M.D.,

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DEP: Widespread Presence Of PFAS ‘Forever Chemicals’ In Fresh Water May Have Led To ‘Inadvertently’ Using Contaminated Water For Fracking Gas Wells In Washington County

PA Environment Daily

Radiation Testing DEP did not test anywhere on the Latkanich property for radiation or radon gas, in spite of multiple requests, according to Johnson. Radiation testing was never part of the testing that the Department performs on the site, even though we had asked repeatedly for radiation testing. Read more here.

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EQB Adopts Final-Omitted Reg. Limiting Methane Emissions From Conventional Oil & Gas Facilities; And A First-Ever State MCL For PFOS/PFOA

PA Environment Daily

Metcalfe was again critical of DEP’s delay in finalizing this regulation when DEP knew of the EPA’s oil and gas emission limit requirement starting in 2016. DEP again repeated their legal position that Act 52 does not apply to regulations promulgated under the state Air Pollution Control Act like the one before the Board for the vote.

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EQB Adopts Part I Of Final Regulation Reducing Oil & Gas VOC/Methane Emissions; DEP Documents 80% Of Methane Emissions Come From Conventional Oil & Gas Facilities

PA Environment Daily

Krishnan Ramamurthy, DEP Deputy Secretary for Waste, Air, Radiation and Remediation, explained it this way-- “Conventional wells [were] pretty much exempted from any permitting requirements, regulatory requirements. For the first time we are addressing those. Read more here.