2004 Nitrogen Oxides Recycling 
Union of Concerned Scientists
SEPTEMBER 5, 2024
And there is a snowball of retired EV batteries on the horizon without a responsible party in charge of recycling them. Recover minerals from old batteries UCS has provided a science-based explanation on how EV batteries can and should be recycled , which underpins SB 615 by Senator Allen.
Union of Concerned Scientists
MARCH 25, 2025
Cleaner cars, cleaner air Our Cleaner Cars, Cleaner Air Report showed that while pre-2004 cars make up fewer than 20% of the cars on the road, they are responsible for the majority of tailpipe pollution because they produce higher amounts of lung-damaging particulate pollution and contribute significantly more smog-forming nitrogen oxide emissions.
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