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In other words, the debate about the role of the sun is old, and the explanation about the importance of sunspots has not stood the test of time, something I have described in the textbook ‘ Solar Activity and Earth’s Climate ‘ from 2002.
For example, Antarctica acts to cool our planet by reflecting solar radiation back to space by virtue of the brightness of its snow surface. In the ocean, 19 marine heatwaves have been recorded between 2002 and 2018. Prof Martin Siegert is an award-winning Antarctic glaciologist and climatescientist.
This new phase continues a small (about $10M/year) research program authorized by Congress since 2002, and follows a prior phase of modeling and balloon observations. Several additional announcements related to solar geoengineering research are expected soon.
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